Implementing Entrepreneurship Process

Entrepreneurship stages generally perform entrepreneurial stages:

1. Stage start, the stage where someone is going to make effort to prepare all things necessary, start by looking at a possible new business opportunities are opening a new business, make acquisitions, or franchising. Also choose the type of business to be done whether in agriculture, industrial / manufacturing / production or services.
2. Phase conduct business or summarized by stage "road", this stage of an entrepreneur to manage the various aspects associated with its business, including the following aspects: finance, human resources, ownership, organization, leadership, including how to take risks and make decisions, marketing, and evaluation.
3. Maintain the business, the stage where the entrepreneur based on the results achieved to analyze progress achieved to be followed up in accordance with the conditions encountered
4. Develop a business, the stage where if the results are classified as positive or have developed or be able to survive the expansion of business into one of the options that may be taken.

According to Carol Noore cited by Bygrave , beginning with the entrepreneurial process of innovation. Innovation is dipengeruhi by various factors both from private and out of personal, such as education, sociology, organization, culture and environment. These factors form the locus of control, creativity, keinovasian, implementation, and growth then berkembangan be a great entrepreneur. Internally, keinovasian bersal influenced by factors of the individual, such as locus of control, tolerance, values, education, experience. While environmental factors that influence comes from such role models, activities, and opportunities. Therefore, an advanced berkembangan innovation through a process dipengrauhi entrepreneurial environment,organization and family

Entrepreneurs Who Create Creativity and Innovation

Entrepreneurs Who Create Creativity and Innovation. Entrepreneurs are able to create superior creativity and innovation as the basis for life, grow and generally have characteristics or traits that are long-term process based on experience and education. Some of the inherent characteristics of entrepreneurs themselves (Zimmerer, and Scarborough, 1998; Kuratko & Hoodgets, 2007) as follows:

• Desire for responsibility,Superior entrepreneurial feel personally responsible for the business which he did. They are more in control of resources and resource use those resources to achieve goals. Entrepreneurs who succeed in the long run must have a sense of responsibility for the work done. Ability to bear the business risks such as: financial risk, engineering risks sometimes appear, so the entrepreneur must be able to minimize the risk.
• Tolerance for ambiguity, When the business activities carried out, necessarily would have to relate to others, whether with employees, customers, suppliers, supplier, dealer, community, and formal legal rules. Entrepreneurs should be able to keep and maintain good relations with stakeholders. The diversity of entrepreneurship is something that ordinary hat. The ability to accept diversity is. A hallmark of entrepreneurship in order to maintain the viability of business or company in the long run.
• Vision, Successful entrepreneurs always have goals, clear objectives must be achieved in the future are measurable. Vision is the philosophy, goals and motivations why life companies, and entrepreneurs will translate into the goals, policies, budgets, and working procedures are clear. Entrepreneurial vision of the future are not clear like the one that runs without a clear direction, so the tendency to fail is very high.
• Tolerance for failurer, A successful business requires hard work, sacrifice, balk when the cost and effort. Entrepreneurs who are familiar with the creativity and innovation are sometimes or even often experience failure. Long process in achieving that success will enhance the personality of tolerance to business failure.
• Internal locus of control, In the human self is no ability to control who is affected by the internal self. Entrepreneurs who excel are those that have the ability to control themselves from within itself. The rigors of life stress, binis competition, rapid change in the business world will increase pressures balk psychiatric mental, moral and everyday life. Entrepreneurs who are able to control themselves will be able to survive in an increasingly complex business world.
• Continuous Improvement, Successful entrepreneurs are always positive, regard it as something valuable experience and continuous improvement. Employers are always new things mencarihal will balk benefit in the short and long term. Entrepreneurs have the power, the desire to engage in innovative adventure that will bring beneficial consequences in the future.
• Preference for moderate risk, In life trying, always dealing with the intensity of entrepreneurial risk. The nature of entrepreneurship in the face of risk can be classified into three kinds of properties to take the risk, the risk seeking (people who like the high-risk), moderate risk (those who possess love to take moderate risk) and risk averse (people like to avoid having the nature of risk ) In general, successful entrepreneurs have the ability to choose a moderate risk / moderate, where when making a decision requires careful consideration, this is in line with the entrepreneurial risk that if a failure on their own responsibility. Entrepreneurs will see a business with a customized level of personal understanding environmental change (Zimmerer, and Scarborough, 1998)
• Confidence in their ability to success, Entrepreneurs generally have a fairly high confidence in the ability of self to succeed. They have high trust for meiakukan many things to balk and success. They tend to be optimistic on the chances of success and optimism, usually based on reality. Without the belief and confidence to succeed to the challenge will lower the morale of doing business.
• Desire for immediate feedback, Rapid developments in the life of menunut entrepreneurial venture to anticipate the rapid changes taking place in order to survive and thrive. Entrepreneurs in general have a desire to get a response or feedback to a problem. Competition is so tight in the demanding business world to think smarter, faster response to change. Entrepreneurs have a tendency to find out how well it works and seek recognition for continuous achievement.
• High energy level, Entrepreneurs in general have a high enough energy in conducting business activities in line with the risk that he would go through. Entrepreneurial in spirit or energy is quite high compared to most people. Risk to be borne alone encourage entrepreneurs to work hard and within a period of time. Passionate and able to use the power of motion, tenacious perseverance and not easily discouraged.
• Future orientation, Uncertain business profits always encourage entrepreneurship see opportunities, appreciate the time and of the future-oriented. Entrepreneurs have a tendency to see what will be done today and tomorrow, not such a fuss over what was done yesterday. Unggui entrepreneurs who are always trying to predict future changes in order to improve business performance.
• Skill at organizing, Building a business from scratch requires the ability to organize resources in the form of economic resources and tangible resources to intangible economic benefit maximum. Entrepreneurial organizations have expertise in conducting balk people and goods. Superior entrepreneurial ability of the portfolio when it has sufficient resources to survive high and growing.
• High Commitment, Bring up a new business requires a high commitment to succeed. Discipline in work and in general entrepreneurs immerse themselves in these activities to the success of his ideals. Scarborough, et.all (2006) reveals step, the final step to enhance the creativity of an entrepreneur entrepreneurship is the driving force "work, work, work, ...."
• Flexibility, Rapid change in the business world requires entrepreneurs to be able to adjust to the changes if it wants to succeed. The ability to adapt to the changing environment is a basic capital in the attempt, grow and succeed. Flexibility in touch with colleagues such as the ability to adjust to the behavior of other entrepreneurs, the ability to negotiate with colleagues to reflect the competence of entrepreneurial excellence.

Basic Concept of Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship first appeared in the 18th century begins with new inventions like the steam engine, spinning machine, etc.. Their primary goal is growth and expansion of the organization through innovation and creativity. Profits and wealth are not the main goal. Simply meaning entrepreneurs (entrepreneur) was a soul willing to take risks to open a business in a variety of occasions-inclined take risks means independent minded and dare to start a business, without fearful or anxious even in uncertain conditions. (Kasmir, 2007: 18).

Understanding of entrepreneurship

Understanding of entrepreneurship vary relative to experts / resource reference with the emphasis of attention or emphasis is different, including the creation of new organizations (Gartner, 1988), running a combination of (activity) a new one (Schumpeter, 1934), exploration of various opportunities (Kirzner, 1973), uncertainty (Knight, 1921), and getting together the factors of production (Say, 1803).

Some of the definitions of entrepreneurship are as follows:

• Richard Cantillon (1775)

Entrepreneurship is defined as the work itself (self-employment). An entrepreneur currently buy at a certain price and sell it in the days to come up with an uncertain price. So the definition is more emphasis on how a person at risk or uncertainty

• Say Jean Baptista (1816)

An entrepreneur is the agent that brings together a variety of means of production and find the value of production.

• Frank Knight (1921)

Entrepreneurs attempt to predict and respond to market changes. This definition emphasizes the role of entrepreneurs in the face of uncertainty in the market dynamics. A worausahawan required to implement basic managerial functions such as direction and control

• Joseph Schumpeter (1934)

The entrepreneur is an innovator who implements perubahanperubahan in the market through new combinations.

The new combination in the form

(1) introducing a new product or a new quality,

(2) introduce new production methods,

(3) open a new market (new market),

(4) Obtain a new supply source of new materials or components, or

(5) run a new organization in an industry. Schumpeter linking entrepreneurs with innovative concepts that are applied in a business context and to link it with a combination of resources.

• Penrose (1963)

Activities include the identification of entrepreneurial opportunities in the economic system. Capacity or managerial capacity is different from entrepreneurial capacities.

• Harvey Leibenstein (1968, 1979)

Entrepreneurship includes activities kegiatann needed to create or perform any company at the market yet or have not been clearly identified, or a component of the production function is not known completely.

• Israel Kirzner (1979)

Entrepreneurs recognize and act on market opportunities. Entrepreneurship Center at Miami University of Ohio Entrepreneurship as a process of identifying, mengembangkaan, and bring the vision to life. It could be a vision of innovative ideas, opportunities, a better way in doing something. Hasila end of the process is the creation of new businesses formed in conditions of risk or uncertainty.

• Peter F. Drucker

Entrepreneurship is the ability to create something new and different. Understanding the intent that an entrepreneur is a person who has the ability to create something new, different from the others. Or able to create something different from what already exists.

• Zimmerer

Entrepreneurship as a process of applying creativity and innovation in solving problems and finding opportunities to improve the lives of (business).

Conclusions entrepreneurship

One of the conclusions to be drawn from a variety of understandings is that entrepreneurship is seen as a function that includes the exploitation peluangpeluang that appear on the market. Exploitation is mostly associated with the direction and or a combination of productive inputs. An entrepreneur is always required to be at risk or opportunities that arise and are often associated with creative and innovative action. Entrepreneurs are people who change the value of the resources, manpower, materials and other production factors become bigger than ever and also the person who made the changes, innovations and new ways. In addition, an entrepreneur running a managerial role in its activities, but the routine management of ongoing operations are not classified as entrepreneurial. An individual may indicate the function of entrepreneurship as an organizational form, but then run the managerial functions without running the entrepreneurial function. So entrepreneurship is temporary or conditional bias. Another conclusion of entrepreneurship is the process of creating something different value by using the effort and time required, assume financial risk, and social psychology that accompanies it, and receive monetary rewards and personal satisfaction.

The term came later after the entrepreneur and the entrepreneurial equivalent since the beginning some people are less comfortable with the word private. Perceptions about the same as self-employed entrepreneurs as the equivalent of an entrepreneur. The difference is the emphasis on independence (private) on the entrepreneur and the venture (business) on entrepreneurship. The term entrepreneur is now more widely used mainly because it is the emphasis on business terms. However given the challenges faced by youth today many in the field of employment, the self-employed education leads to survival and independence should be more highlighted.

Perception of entrepreneurship and self-employed

Slight differences in the perception of entrepreneurship and self-employed should be understood, especially by the teachers so that the direction and goals of education provided is incorrect. If that expected from the education given individual is a person who is more mentally or steel or other words to have more emotional intelligence (EQ) and kecerdasarn advirsity (AQ) whose role is to live (life's challenges and life) is more appropriate entrepreneurial education. Conversely, if the direction and purpose of education is to produce individuals who are more astute person in business or money, or to be more financially intelligent (FQ) is a more appropriate is entrepreneurship education. Because both aspects are equally important, the education provided is now more likely that these two aspects of using the word entrepreneur. Perception of entrepreneurs now covers both aspects of financial and personal, social, and professional (Soesarsono, 2002: 48)

Obstacles in entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship in the run would have been no mudah.Banyak constraints we face in living tips that have been outlined in atas.Kendala - obstacles we might face the possibility of a failure to pick up new business opportunities is the lack of objectivity, seeking ideas for products or services .

Lack of proximity to the markets we enter will also merupakn permasalahan.Apabila we do not know how we are going to enter the field, how can we begin berlaga.Selain this, understanding the technical requirements are not adequate may also be an obstacle to start entrepreneurship.

Neglect of financial need is one of the fundamental obstacles. Sometimes we do not really memilirkan in depth and detailed financial requirements for the development and production.

Besides the things that have been outlined above, the lack of creativity and inofasi can also cause a lack of product differentiation in this pasaran.Hal certainly can not guarantee, entrepreneurs have certain advantages that differentiate it from competitors - other competitors.

Seven Steps to be Entrepreneurial

When we read the newspapers about the job, it turns out a lot of job offers posted, however this is not balanced by labor unemployment more numerous or for those who already have jobs, living standards were still flared flowers.

Entrepreneurship is one of the alternatives in out of the above problems. However, being an entrepreneur is not mudah.Ada tips - tips for success in entrepreneurship.

1. Of the tips in entrepreneurship is to maintain the purpose of business or company that we built in order to always be obvious. One disadvantage of small firms are those that are still rarely have clear goals they will accomplish. Every business should have a definite purpose.
2. In entrepreneurship have a clear picture of financial transactions. An entrepreneur must have a complete picture of their business / company. Many small businesses fail because they do not have adequate bookkeeping, often ignoring the activities of recording financial transactions.
3. Good to know the breakeven point. An entrepreneur must know whether he makes a profit or loss. The best way to find out is by using the method of break-even point. By knowing this diagram we can determine the level of money-losing operations and the number of transactions that can make us a profit.
4. Try as much as possible material cost as cheap-cheap. Victory in the competition depends on a factor that is produced * with low cost and can sell at high prices. Thus producing a low cost to be enabled and cultivated.
5. Remove anything that is not required. Established entrepreneurs are always paying attention to setting the machine, material and efficient labor for profit. There are three rules are apt to get rid of everything that you do not need that one, do not save something that you should not need. Both Do not say something you should not have to say and Third Do not write something that you should write swordfish.
6. A high efficiency and high wages. If you have employees then use all the skills and strengths, so that they can work well and take pride in their work. Satisfaction and pride in encouraging higher efficiency.
7. Pioneer to always obtain greater profits. Employers have always been capable of specificity, they do not make the same goods and services as it has no market, but how to find other ways to make it so that it could give particulars of higher profits. Avoid entry into a kind of business that has been packed. Unless you can create its own specificity so that it becomes interesting.